[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":522},["ShallowReactive",2],{"\u002Fen\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fvineyard-ndvi":3,"related-\u002Fen\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fvineyard-ndvi":195},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":172,"extension":173,"image":174,"manufacturer":174,"meta":175,"model":174,"navigation":181,"path":182,"publishedAt":183,"relatedDrones":184,"relatedServices":174,"seo":186,"specs":174,"stem":193,"__hash__":194},"content\u002Fen\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fvineyard-ndvi.md","NDVI Mapping and Precision Viticulture by Drone",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":157},"minimark",[9,13,18,25,28,50,57,61,66,69,76,80,83,87,90,94,101,105,108,123,133,137,140,143,147,154],[10,11,12],"p",{},"Vines do not suffer uniformly. Within a single plot, variations in soil type, slope, aspect and cropping history create vigour heterogeneity that only precise mapping can reveal. Drones equipped with multispectral sensors produce vegetation index maps (NDVI) that transform these invisible variations into actionable data, plant by plant.",[14,15,17],"h2",{"id":16},"what-is-the-ndvi-index","What is the NDVI index?",[10,19,20,24],{},[21,22,23],"strong",{},"NDVI"," (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is an index calculated from the reflectance of vegetation in the near-infrared and visible red bands. A healthy plant strongly absorbs red light (photosynthesis) and strongly reflects near-infrared (water content and biomass). Their ratio produces an index between -1 and +1: the higher the value, the denser and more vigorous the vegetation.",[10,26,27],{},"Applied to viticulture, NDVI maps reveal:",[29,30,31,38,44],"ul",{},[32,33,34,37],"li",{},[21,35,36],{},"High-vigour zones"," — often over-productive vines likely to yield diluted fruit",[32,39,40,43],{},[21,41,42],{},"Low-vigour zones"," — stressed vines lacking water, nutrients or showing root problems",[32,45,46,49],{},[21,47,48],{},"Homogeneous vigour zones"," — sectors where standard management practices are well-calibrated",[10,51,52,53,56],{},"This vigour map becomes the foundation of ",[21,54,55],{},"precision viticulture",": modulating inputs and interventions according to the actual potential of each zone.",[14,58,60],{"id":59},"practical-applications-in-viticulture","Practical applications in viticulture",[62,63,65],"h3",{"id":64},"green-harvest","Green harvest",[10,67,68],{},"Green harvest — the ablation of excess grape clusters to concentrate matter on the remaining fruit — is a labour-intensive operation. Applying it uniformly across an entire plot is often a mistake: some zones don't need it, others would benefit from more.",[10,70,71,72,75],{},"An NDVI map produced in ",[21,73,74],{},"June-July"," guides teams towards zones with excessive yield potential. Work is targeted where it genuinely adds value.",[62,77,79],{"id":78},"irrigation-management","Irrigation management",[10,81,82],{},"For vineyards fitted with drip irrigation systems, an NDVI map during summer identifies sectors experiencing early water stress. Water inputs can be modulated zone by zone rather than applied uniformly, conserving water resources and avoiding over-irrigation in naturally less stressed areas.",[62,84,86],{"id":85},"differential-treatment-decisions","Differential treatment decisions",[10,88,89],{},"Vegetative vigour directly influences susceptibility to fungal diseases (downy mildew, powdery mildew). High-vigour zones, with denser canopies and reduced airflow, are more exposed. The NDVI map anticipates these risk zones and allows treatment rates to be modulated according to each sector's actual vigour profile.",[62,91,93],{"id":92},"parcellary-zoning-for-selective-harvesting","Parcellary zoning for selective harvesting",[10,95,96,97,100],{},"Beyond agronomy, vigour mapping helps constitute ",[21,98,99],{},"homogeneous vinification lots",". By harvesting zones of different vigour separately, the winemaker obtains lots with distinct aromatic and analytical profiles — the basis for a parcel-level tasting or a reasoned parcel selection.",[14,102,104],{"id":103},"acquisition-protocol","Acquisition protocol",[10,106,107],{},"An NDVI mapping mission in viticulture runs in two phases:",[109,110,111,117],"ol",{},[32,112,113,116],{},[21,114,115],{},"Mapping flight"," — the drone surveys the plot at constant altitude with a multispectral sensor, simultaneously capturing multiple spectral bands (red, red-edge, near-infrared). A 5-hectare plot takes approximately 15 to 20 minutes to survey.",[32,118,119,122],{},[21,120,121],{},"Processing and delivery"," — image assembly by photogrammetry, NDVI index calculation, automatic zoning and colourimetric map production. The report is delivered within 48 to 72 hours with raster files compatible with GIS tools (QGIS, ArcGIS) or viticultural management software.",[10,124,125,128,129,132],{},[21,126,127],{},"Optimal period:"," the most informative maps are produced during active vegetation, between ",[21,130,131],{},"mid-May and mid-August",". Monthly monitoring over this period reveals vigour dynamics and the vine's response to interventions.",[14,134,136],{"id":135},"relevance-for-the-loire-valley-vineyard","Relevance for the Loire Valley vineyard",[10,138,139],{},"The Loire Valley wine region — appellations Pouilly-Fumé, Sancerre, Menetou-Salon, Reuilly, Quincy — rests on complex, fragmented terroirs. Flint, Kimmeridgian limestone, chalk, oyster limestone: geological diversity creates significant vigour heterogeneity within a single plot, sometimes over just a few dozen metres.",[10,141,142],{},"On these high-quality terroirs, drone mapping is a valuable knowledge tool for winegrowers seeking to understand and express each plot in its singular character.",[14,144,146],{"id":145},"our-field-approach","Our field approach",[10,148,149,150,153],{},"Our viticulture missions are carried out with the ",[21,151,152],{},"DJI Matrice 4TD"," in multispectral configuration. We work directly with winegrowers or viticultural technicians to calibrate vigour thresholds and co-interpret maps in the agro-viticultural context of each estate.",[10,155,156],{},"We offer seasonal monitoring packages with three to four surveys over the vegetative season, tracking vigour evolution and the impact of interventions carried out.",{"title":158,"searchDepth":159,"depth":159,"links":160},"",2,[161,162,169,170,171],{"id":16,"depth":159,"text":17},{"id":59,"depth":159,"text":60,"children":163},[164,166,167,168],{"id":64,"depth":165,"text":65},3,{"id":78,"depth":165,"text":79},{"id":85,"depth":165,"text":86},{"id":92,"depth":165,"text":93},{"id":103,"depth":159,"text":104},{"id":135,"depth":159,"text":136},{"id":145,"depth":159,"text":146},"Map vine vigour and water stress across your plots by drone. Optimise green harvest, irrigation and treatments with NDVI indices and multispectral analysis.","md",null,{"category":176,"categoryLabel":177,"tags":178,"service":180},"agriculture","Agriculture",[176,179],"mapping","agriculture-viticulture",true,"\u002Fen\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fvineyard-ndvi","2026-05-07",[185],"dji-matrice-4td",{"keywords":187,"title":5,"description":172},[188,189,190,191,192],"drone vineyard mapping","NDVI viticulture drone","vine water stress drone","precision viticulture drone","vineyard aerial mapping","en\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fvineyard-ndvi","YbCQEsjiwMYI_TMXbkNtt3WmVs2627DrIUpSj_r-C-c",[196,388],{"id":197,"title":198,"body":199,"description":371,"extension":173,"image":174,"manufacturer":174,"meta":372,"model":174,"navigation":181,"path":375,"publishedAt":376,"relatedDrones":377,"relatedServices":174,"seo":379,"specs":174,"stem":386,"__hash__":387},"content\u002Fen\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fcover-crops.md","Cover Crop Seeding by Drone",{"type":7,"value":200,"toc":363},[201,204,208,211,218,222,229,232,264,267,271,278,285,299,302,306,317,320,334,337,341,348,351,353,360],[10,202,203],{},"Drone seeding for cover crops is emerging as a compelling alternative to conventional mechanical methods, particularly for operations carried out before or during harvest. This aerial approach enables the establishment of intermediate crops directly on productive fields — without compacting the soil or waiting for the land to be cleared.",[14,205,207],{"id":206},"why-use-a-drone-to-seed-cover-crops","Why use a drone to seed cover crops?",[10,209,210],{},"Conventional seeding methods — pendulum spreaders, rotary harrows, trailed drills — require heavy machinery to pass over fields that are often still wet or occupied by a standing crop. Compaction risks are real, and the intervention window is narrow.",[10,212,213,214,217],{},"Drones remove these constraints entirely: no wheel-soil contact, uniform distribution across the entire field, and a far wider intervention window. The decisive advantage is ",[21,215,216],{},"timing",": a drone can seed before harvest, when no ground-based equipment can operate between rows or inside a dense standing crop. This earlier establishment directly translates to better germination and a more competitive cover crop stand against weeds.",[14,219,221],{"id":220},"species-suited-to-aerial-seeding","Species suited to aerial seeding",[10,223,224,225,228],{},"Not all seeds are suited to drone broadcasting. The best-performing species share a ",[21,226,227],{},"low to intermediate thousand-seed weight"," (3 to 10 g), which ensures accurate distribution and germination without deep soil incorporation.",[10,230,231],{},"Commonly used species include:",[29,233,234,240,246,252,258],{},[32,235,236,239],{},[21,237,238],{},"Abyssinian mustard"," — fast ground cover, high biomass within weeks",[32,241,242,245],{},[21,243,244],{},"Forage radish"," — deep taproot for natural soil decompaction",[32,247,248,251],{},[21,249,250],{},"Phacelia"," — versatile, effective at mechanically suppressing weeds",[32,253,254,257],{},[21,255,256],{},"Crimson or subterranean clover"," — atmospheric nitrogen fixation to enrich the rotation",[32,259,260,263],{},[21,261,262],{},"Forage sorghum"," — heat-tolerant, suited to dry-summer regions",[10,265,266],{},"Mixes combining nitrogen-fixing species with fast-growing biomass species consistently deliver the best agronomic results, with added resilience against weather variability.",[14,268,270],{"id":269},"timing-the-critical-success-factor","Timing: the critical success factor",[10,272,273,274,277],{},"Field experience consistently shows that ",[21,275,276],{},"pre-harvest seeding",", carried out 0 to 15 days before harvest, outperforms post-harvest seeding in the vast majority of situations. By capturing residual soil moisture and gaining two to three extra weeks of growth before cold temperatures arrive, the cover crop establishes on a much stronger footing.",[10,279,280,281,284],{},"For ",[21,282,283],{},"grain maize",", two viable intervention windows exist depending on local soil and climate conditions:",[29,286,287,293],{},[32,288,289,292],{},[21,290,291],{},"V8-V10 growth stages"," (active leaf production) — suited to humid or irrigated areas; slight water competition may occur in dry conditions",[32,294,295,298],{},[21,296,297],{},"R5-R6 growth stages"," (grain maturation) — generally preferred for their negligible impact on final yield",[10,300,301],{},"Post-harvest seeding remains a valid option when rainfall is forecast in the days following the operation, but structurally offers fewer useful growing days before winter.",[14,303,305],{"id":304},"expected-agronomic-results","Expected agronomic results",[10,307,308,309,312,313,316],{},"The central target is ",[21,310,311],{},"250 emerged plants per m²",". To compensate for germination losses — variable soil-seed contact, bird predation, weather — the recommended broadcasting rate is ",[21,314,315],{},"400 seeds per m²",".",[10,318,319],{},"Under optimal conditions, a well-established pre-harvest cover can produce:",[29,321,322,328],{},[32,323,324,327],{},[21,325,326],{},"4 to 5 tonnes of dry matter per hectare"," in two to three months",[32,329,330,333],{},[21,331,332],{},"80 to 100 nitrogen units per hectare"," available to the following crop through cover decomposition",[10,335,336],{},"These figures make drone seeding a cost-effective lever in a long-term soil fertility strategy.",[14,338,340],{"id":339},"regulatory-compliance-bcae-7","Regulatory compliance — BCAE 7",[10,342,343,344,347],{},"CAP conditionality requires compliance with ",[21,345,346],{},"Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions"," (GAECs). GAEC 7 addresses crop rotation and soil cover. For continuous maize growers, establishing a cover crop between two cropping cycles can fulfil this conditionality requirement.",[10,349,350],{},"Drone seeding — by enabling cover crop establishment before harvest and ensuring solid stand development before winter — simplifies compliance while delivering genuine agronomic value.",[14,352,146],{"id":145},[10,354,355,356,359],{},"Our teams operate with the ",[21,357,358],{},"DJI Agras T100",", an agricultural drone purpose-built for precision broadacre applications. Its high-capacity hopper and centrifugal distribution system deliver uniform seeding across large surfaces with full GPS traceability on every pass.",[10,361,362],{},"Each mission is preceded by a field assessment: analysis of the standing crop, growth stage, soil compaction history, selection of the most appropriate species mix for your soil type and rotation objectives.",{"title":158,"searchDepth":159,"depth":159,"links":364},[365,366,367,368,369,370],{"id":206,"depth":159,"text":207},{"id":220,"depth":159,"text":221},{"id":269,"depth":159,"text":270},{"id":304,"depth":159,"text":305},{"id":339,"depth":159,"text":340},{"id":145,"depth":159,"text":146},"How drone seeding is transforming cover crop establishment: optimal timing, suitable species, agronomic benefits and BCAE 7 regulatory compliance.",{"category":176,"categoryLabel":177,"tags":373,"service":180},[176,374],"sowing","\u002Fen\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fcover-crops","2026-05-06",[378],"dji-t100-agri",{"keywords":380,"title":198,"description":371},[381,382,383,384,385],"drone cover crop seeding","pre-harvest cover crop drone","aerial seeding agriculture","cover crop establishment drone","no-till cover crop drone","en\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fcover-crops","zOXs8ZtoYHw4nXwWn8-hmP0sr75zEv6obRfIt2UzvaM",{"id":389,"title":390,"body":391,"description":507,"extension":173,"image":174,"manufacturer":174,"meta":508,"model":174,"navigation":181,"path":511,"publishedAt":183,"relatedDrones":512,"relatedServices":174,"seo":513,"specs":174,"stem":520,"__hash__":521},"content\u002Fen\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fcrop-spraying.md","Crop Spraying and Phytosanitary Treatment by Drone",{"type":7,"value":392,"toc":496},[393,396,400,404,407,411,414,418,421,425,428,432,435,464,467,471,474,485,487,493],[10,394,395],{},"Drone-based crop spraying is transforming agricultural treatment operations, particularly for plots where conventional machinery cannot operate effectively: steep vineyard slopes, waterlogged fields, crops with delicate foliage, or parcels with terrain obstacles. The agricultural drone applies phytosanitary products, fungicides and biocontrol agents with precision, at the right time and without soil compaction.",[14,397,399],{"id":398},"when-does-drone-spraying-outperform-ground-equipment","When does drone spraying outperform ground equipment?",[62,401,403],{"id":402},"steep-vineyard-slopes","Steep vineyard slopes",[10,405,406],{},"Terraced vineyards on steep slopes are inaccessible to tractors and even hand-operated sprayers often struggle with gradient and terrain. The drone sprays the entire row from above, reaching the top and underside of the canopy simultaneously, with no soil compaction and no operator exposure to chemical products.",[62,408,410],{"id":409},"crops-after-rainfall","Crops after rainfall",[10,412,413],{},"When fields are saturated after heavy rain, the passage of heavy spraying equipment causes severe compaction and risks wheel-rut damage to the crop. The drone eliminates soil contact entirely, allowing treatment at the optimal agronomic timing even in wet conditions.",[62,415,417],{"id":416},"precision-application-in-dense-crops","Precision application in dense crops",[10,419,420],{},"On tall maize or dense cereal crops where conventional sprayers cannot penetrate the canopy, drone spraying delivers product directly to the target zone. The downwash effect of the rotors creates a vertical air movement that increases penetration of the spray into the canopy.",[62,422,424],{"id":423},"buffer-zone-management","Buffer zone management",[10,426,427],{},"European regulations define mandatory buffer zones along watercourses where phytosanitary applications are prohibited or restricted. Drones certified for reduced-buffer applications can treat right up to the edge of the authorised zone with GPS accuracy, minimising untreated strips.",[14,429,431],{"id":430},"regulatory-framework-certiphyto-and-drone-operator-certification","Regulatory framework — Certiphyto and drone operator certification",[10,433,434],{},"Drone application of phytosanitary products in France is subject to specific regulations:",[29,436,437,444,451,458],{},[32,438,439,440,443],{},"The operator must hold a ",[21,441,442],{},"certiphyto"," certificate for the product category applied",[32,445,446,447,450],{},"The drone must be on the approved list of ",[21,448,449],{},"certified aerial application equipment"," (ANSES\u002FDGAC)",[32,452,453,454,457],{},"Each campaign requires a ",[21,455,456],{},"prior declaration"," to the relevant authority (prefecture, DRAAF)",[32,459,460,463],{},[21,461,462],{},"Product selection"," is restricted to those with a drone aerial application authorisation",[10,465,466],{},"Our operators hold certiphyto certification and operate with the DJI Agras T100, which is on the approved aerial application equipment list.",[14,468,470],{"id":469},"application-precision-and-traceability","Application precision and traceability",[10,472,473],{},"Every drone spraying mission produces a complete GPS-traced log of the flight path, application rate and coverage map. This traceability:",[29,475,476,479,482],{},[32,477,478],{},"Demonstrates treatment coverage to agronomic advisers and auditors",[32,480,481],{},"Identifies any missed zones for targeted re-application",[32,483,484],{},"Provides proof of treatment for quality certifications (organic, HVE, AOP protocols)",[14,486,146],{"id":145},[10,488,489,490,492],{},"We intervene with the ",[21,491,358],{},", an agricultural spraying drone designed for precision large-scale applications. Its high-capacity hopper and centrifugal distribution system ensure homogeneous coverage across large surfaces, with complete GPS traceability of every pass.",[10,494,495],{},"Each mission is preceded by a parcel assessment: crop stage, density, target pest or disease, wind and temperature conditions, and product selection adapted to the specific treatment objective.",{"title":158,"searchDepth":159,"depth":159,"links":497},[498,504,505,506],{"id":398,"depth":159,"text":399,"children":499},[500,501,502,503],{"id":402,"depth":165,"text":403},{"id":409,"depth":165,"text":410},{"id":416,"depth":165,"text":417},{"id":423,"depth":165,"text":424},{"id":430,"depth":159,"text":431},{"id":469,"depth":159,"text":470},{"id":145,"depth":159,"text":146},"Precision aerial application of phytosanitary products, fungicides and biocontrol agents by agricultural drone — for plots inaccessible to ground equipment.",{"category":176,"categoryLabel":177,"tags":509,"service":180},[176,510],"spraying","\u002Fen\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fcrop-spraying",[378],{"keywords":514,"title":390,"description":507},[515,516,517,518,519],"crop spraying drone","phytosanitary drone application","agricultural drone treatment","precision spraying drone","aerial crop treatment drone","en\u002Fcas-usage\u002Fcrop-spraying","4Hoyjj3HuHp5ZkdeCL1S4gwJ5YDhPO8sZziNgdPecDE",1780308668429]